考研英语真题及其翻译分享

　　今天小编为大家分享的是2019年考研英语真题翻译，希望通过做这些习题对你们有所帮助，下面跟随小编一起学习吧。
　　It was only after I started to write a weekly column about the medical journals, and began to read scientific papers from beginning to end, that I realised just how bad much of the medical literature frequently was. I came to recognise various signs of a bad paper: the kind of paper that purports to show that people who eat more than one kilo of broccoli a week were 1.17 times more likely than those who eat less to suffer late in life from pernicious anaemia.
　　(46) There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which, when taken up by broadcasters and the lay press, generates both health scares and short-lived dietary enthusiasms.
　　一、段大概说的就是医学杂志上发表的大量的垃圾论文。
　　Why is so much bad science published? A recent paper, titled “The Natural Selection of Bad Science”, published on the Royal Society’s open science website, attempts to answer this intriguing and important question. It says that the problem is not merely that people do bad science, but that our current system of career advancement positively encourages it. What is important is not truth, but publication, which has become almost an end in itself. There has been a kind of inflationary process at work: (47) nowadays anyone applying for a research post has to have published twice the number of papers that would have been required for the same post only 10 years ago.Never mind the quality, then, count the number.
　　第二段分析这些垃圾文章出现的原因，背后深层次的体制机制性因素。
　　(48) Attempts have been made to curb this tendency, for example, by trying to incorporate some measure of quality as well as quantity into the assessment of an applicant’s papers.This is the famed citation index, that is to say the number of times a paper has been quoted elsewhere in the scientific literature, the assumption being that an important paper will be cited more often than one of small account.(49) This would be reasonable if it were not for the fact that scientists can easily arrange to cite themselves in their future publications, or get associates to do so for them in return for similar favours.
　　这一段讨论解决的办法和对策。
　　Boiling down an individual's output to simple metrics, such as number of publications or journal impacts, entails considerable savings in time, energy and ambiguity. Unfortunately, the long-term costs of using simple quantitative metrics to assess researcher merit are likely to be quite great.(50)If we are serious about ensuring that our science is both meaningful and reproducible.we must ensure that our institutions encourage that kind of science.
　　后一段总结，不容乐观的态度。
　　There is a great deal of大量的this kind of nonsense这种胡说八道的文章in the medical journal在医学期刊上which, when taken up拿走带走占用by broadcasters and the lay press通过广播和新闻报道, generates both health scares and short-lived dietaryenthusiasms产生健康恐慌和短期饮食热情
　　医学期刊中由很多类似的无稽之谈，这些说法一旦被广播公司和新闻媒体报道，就会引发健康恐慌和短暂的饮食热潮。
　　Nowadays今天anyone applying for任何人申请a research post一个研究职位has to have published 必须出版twice the number of papers两倍数量的文章that would have been required for被要求the same post 相同的职位only 10 years ago相比十年前
　　如今，任何申请研究职位的人都必须发表两倍于10年前同一职位所需的论文数量
　　Attempts尝试着have been made to curb控制this tendency这种趋势，for example, by trying to试图incorporate合并some measure一些措施of quality as well as quantity数量和质量into the assessment来评估of an applicant’s papers申请者的论文
　　人们已经做出努力来遏制这种趋势，例如，将质量和数量标准纳入申请者的论文评估中

　　This would be reasonable这将会是合理的if it were not for the fact如果那不是事实that scientists can easily arrange科学家能够安排to cite themselves引用他们自己的文章in their future publications在他们未来的出版作品中orget associates同事to do so for them为他们这样做in return for similar favour类似的支持作为回报
　　如果不是因为科学家们可以很容易地在未来的出版物中引用自己，或者让同事为他们这样作以换取类似的好处，这将是合理的。
　　If we are serious如果我们是认真严肃的about ensuring确保that our science我们的科学研究is both meaningful and reproducible即有意义又可复制，we must ensure我们必须确保that our institutions我们的研究机构encourage that kind of sciences鼓励这种科学研究
　　如果我们确实要保证我们的科学既有意义又可再生，那么我们必须确保我们的机构鼓励这种科学的进步