动词不定式、分词(现在分词,过去分词)和动名词统称为非谓语动词。下面小编告诉你高二英语非谓语动词用法,大家一起来看看吧!
高二英语非谓语动词用法:
动词的-ing形式是一种非谓语动词。-ing形式仍保留有动词的特征,可以带有 其所需要的宾语或状语而构成-ing短语。
(1)作主语:Seeing is believing.百闻不如一见。Talking is easier than doing. –ing作主语时,如果其结 构较长,可用it作形式主语,而将作主语的-ing后置。如:It isn’t much good writing to them again. It’s no use waiting here.
(2)作表语:Her job is washing and cooking. My hobby is collecting stamps.
(3)作宾语:①作及物动词的宾语。She likes drawing very much.;②作某些短语动词的宾语。 Mary is thinking of going back to New York.;③ do+限定词(my, some, any, the等)+ -ing,表示“做?事”之意,如:We often do our cleaning on Saturday afternoon. Will you do any shopping on Saturday this afternoon? ④作介词的宾语:Her sister is good at learning physics.;⑤作形容词worth, busy等的宾语:This book is well worth reading. –ing作宾语带有宾语补足语时,要用it作为形式宾语,而将作宾语的-ing后置,如:We found it no good talking like that. Do you think it necessary trying again?
(4)作定语:The sleeping child is only five years old. Do you know the man standing at the gate? 注:-ing形式作定语用时,如果-ing只是一个单词,就位于其修饰的名词之前,如果是-ing短语,就位于其修饰的名词之后,-ing作定语时,被-ing所修饰的名词就是该-ing的逻辑主语。另外,-ing作定语用时,其动作和句子谓语动词所表示的动作是同时进行的,如果不是同时进行的,就不能用-ing作定语,要使用定语从句,如:The girl who wrote a letter there yesterday can speak English very well.
(5)作宾语补足语:We can see steam rising from the wet clothes. 注:当-ing在复合宾语中作宾语补足 语用时,句中宾语就是这个-ing的逻辑主语,可以带有这种复合宾语的动词有see, watch, hear, observe, feel, find, have, keep等。
(6)作状语:①时间状语:Seeing Tom, I couldn’t help thinking of his brother. 分词在句中作时间状语时,其前一般可加when或while,如:When crossing street, you must be careful. ②原因状语:Being ill, he didn’t go to school yesterday. ③方式或伴随状语:Mary stood at the school gate waiting for Betty.
“with+宾语+非谓语动词”用法归纳:
1. with+宾语+不定式
通常表示不定式所表示的动作尚未发生或在当时看来尚未发生。如:
The person with the most to lose is the director. 损失*的是主任。
With all this work to do, I won’t have time to go out. 有这么多工作要做,我就没有时间出去了。
2. with+宾语+用现在分词
指动作正在进行或在当时看来已是一种在持续的状态。如:
He soon fell asleep with the light still burning. 灯还亮着他很快就睡着了。
The day was bright, with a fresh breeze blowing. 天气晴朗吹着一股清风。
注:正如进行时态有时可以表示将来意义一样,有时“现在分词”也可表示将来意义。如:
With winter coming on, it’s time to buy warm clothes. 冬天就要到了,该买暖和衣裳了。
3. with+宾语+用过去分词
指与其前的名词或代词为被动关系。如:
She sat with her head bent. 她低着头坐在那里。
I dare you to run across the road with your eyes shut. 我量你不敢闭着眼睛跑过马路。
“make+宾语+非谓语动词”的用法归纳:
1. make+宾语+动词原形
表示“使某人或某物做某事”,其中用作宾语补足语的不定式不能带to,即用动词原形。如:
It’s no use trying to make her hurry. 想催她快点是没用的。
The mixture of drinks made me vomit. 我喝了混合饮料后呕吐起来。
注意:这类结构中不定式不带 to,但在被动语态中须带 to。如:
He was made to work twenty hours a day. 他被迫一天工作20小时。
另外,若make不表示“使”,而表示其它意思,表示示“做”“制造”等,则情况不同。如:
We make candles to give light. 我们做蜡烛照明。
He made a box to put his money in. 他做了个盒子来装钱。
2. make+宾语+过去分词
表示“某人或某物被……”,其中的过去分词表示被动。如:
He tried to make his ideas known. 他设法让别人知道他的想法。
She had to shout to make herself heard. 她必须大声喊才能让人听见她说话。
注意:英语习惯上不用“make+宾语+现在分词”结构。如:
他让司机在外面等他。
正:He had the driver waiting for him outside.
误:He made the driver waiting for him outside.
“have+宾语+非谓语动词”的四类句型:
句型一:have +宾语+不定式
①表示有某事要做,其中的不定式为定语。如:
She didn’t have the courage to refuse. 她没有勇气拒绝。
②表示因为有A结果发生了B,其中的不定式为结果状语。如:
I had the luck to find him at home. 我真幸运,找他时他正在家。
句型二:have+宾语+动词原形
该结构中的动词原形,实为省略了to的不定式,用作宾语补足语,其中的have为使役动词。该结构的主要用法有:
①表示叫(请、使、让)某人做某事。如:
I’ll have the gardener plant some trees. 我要让园丁种些树。
②表示容忍或允许某人做某事(用于否定句,尤与 won’t, can’t连用)。如:
I won’t have you tell me what to do. 我不能让你对我做的 事指手划脚。
句型三:have+宾语+现在分词
该结构中的现在分词用作宾语补足语,其中的have为使役动词。该结构的主要用法有:
①表示使(让)某人(某事物)一直做在做某事或处于做某事的状态之中。如:
Within minutes he had the wholeaudiencelaughingand clapping. 没出几分钟他就让全体听众笑起来,鼓起掌来。
②表示容忍或允许某人做某事(用于否定句,尤与 won’t, can’t连用)。如:
He won’t have boys arriving late. 他不允许孩子们迟到。
I won’t have you smoking at your age. 我不能让你在这个年纪就抽烟。
③说服或命令某人做某事。如:
He had me doing all kinds of jobs for her. 他叫我为她做各种事情。
注:have difficult [problem] doing sth是英语中一个很有用的句式,其中的have表示“有”。如:
We had the greatest difficulty imaginable getting here in time. 我们为了及时赶到此地,经历了可能想见的*的困难。
句型四:have+宾语+过去分词
该结构中的过去分词用作宾语补足语,其中的have为使役动词。该结构的*特点就是,其中的过去分词与其前的宾语有被动关系。具体说来,该结构有以下主要用法:
①表示请(让)别人做某事。如:
We had the machine repaired. 我们请人修理了机器。
She’s gone into hospital to have her appendix taken out. 她已住院去切除阑尾。
注:有时指无意志的行为。如:
He had his salary raised. 他加薪了。
②表示经历或遭遇某情况。如:
He had his finger cut. 他的手指弄伤了。
I had my watch stolen yesterday. 我的表昨天被人偷去了。
③表示主动地完成某动作或解决某事。如:
I’ve had all my mistakes corrected. 我已把所有的错误都改正过来了。
I have had everything prepared beforehand. 我已事先把一切都准备好了。
④表示容忍或允许做某事(用于否定句,尤与 won’t, can’t 等连用)。如:
We won’t have anything said against the Party. 我们不允 许有人这样攻击党。
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